河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

基于农用STM32的电动机转速监测系统设计

农业作业环境复杂,实时监控农用电动机转速对判断电动机运行状况具有重要意义。笔者设计了一种电动机转速监测系统,该系统主要由光电开关传感器、触发圆盘、OLED、STM32单片机组成,通过单片机的定时器中断和外部中断功能,可实现对电动机转速的实时监控,通过IIC通信技术,可实现转速数据的可视化。该系统抗干扰能力强、精度高、实用性强,适用于恶劣的农业作业环境,同时为其他转速监测方案提供了设计依据。     

Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes From Leuctridae (Plecoptera: Nemouroidea): Implications for the Phylogenetic Relationships Among Stoneflies

The family-level relationships within Plecoptera have been a focused area of research for a long time. Its higher classification remains unstable, and the phylogenetic relationships within Plecoptera should be re-examined. Here, we sequenced and analyzed two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paraleuctra cercia and Perlomyia isobeae of the family Leuctridae. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Plecoptera based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) from published stoneflies. Our results showed that the Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood tree had similar topological structures except for the positions of two families, Peltoperlidae and Scopuridae. The Plecoptera is divided into two clades, the suborder Antarctoperlaria and the suborder Arctoperlaria. The two suborders subsequently formed two groups, Eusthenioidea and Gripopterygoidea, and Euholognatha and Systellognatha, which is consistent with the results of morphological studies. In addition, the Leuctridae is the earliest branch within the superfamily Nemouroidea. But the monophyly of Perloidea and Pteronarcyoidea are still not well supported.     

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.     

巨龙竹林分结构及物种多样性特征

调查滇西南巨龙竹在2017—2019年的年龄、直径、密度等林分结构因子,并对其植被组成、物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:巨龙竹林分干龄分布、丛立竹密度分布均呈右偏缓峰状;竹丛年龄分布、直径分布均呈左偏聚集状.2017—2019年林分逐年向更高龄、更大径阶、更高丛立竹密度的范围分布,除2018年、2019年的直径分布差异不显著,其余结构特征在各生长季间均呈极显著差异(P<0.01).利用威布尔分布拟合其直径、丛立竹密度分布的效果优于其余分布模型(直径的R2>0.93,密度的R2>0.99).竹冠投影面积与竹蔸面积、丛立竹干数均呈极显著高度正相关(P<0.01,R>0.75),与平均胸径、年龄的相关性较弱(R<0.30).林分共计植物种类73种,隶属于39科67属,其中乔木层以巨龙竹为绝对优势植物;灌木层无优势植物;草本层以多羽凤尾蕨为优势植物;层间植被以荜拔、异形南五味子为优势植物.物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数在各林下植被层中变化一致,各指数由高到低依次为灌木层、草本层、层间植被.灌木层、草本层的植物物种数均随调查样方面积增大而增加,可用自然对数转化线性方程反映其种-面积关系(R>0.97).当调查面积分别为210.25、90.25 m2时,其样方内可涵盖林分85％的灌木、草本植物种类,且后续数量变化趋势不明显.     

电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定水质中的金元素

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了废水中的金元素,探讨了金测定的谱线选择、离子干扰等问题,实验结果表明:在最佳仪器条件和测定条件下,该方法的检出限为0.008 mg/L,方法精密度的方法标准偏差(RSD)在4.28%~1.44%之间,回收率为96%~104%。该方法操作简便,快捷。     

柞蚕幼虫黄体色与白体色的遗传分析及类胡萝卜素组成比较

为深入探讨柞蚕幼虫体色多样性的形成机制,分析柞蚕品种豫大1号(黄体色)和白一化(白体色,略带黄色)幼虫体色的遗传规律,并比较二者在体壁类胡萝卜素组成上的差异.杂交试验发现,F1的幼虫体色为黄色,F2有黄色和白色两种表型,且分离比符合3∶1;回交BC1(F1×豫大1号)均为黄色,而BC1(F1×白一化)则有两种表型,即黄色和白色,分离比符合1∶1.遗传分析表明,豫大1号的基因型为YYGG,白一化的基因型为YYgg,豫大1号的黄体色对白一化的白体色属于完全显性遗传.代谢组学分析发现,豫大1号中的类胡萝卜素含量(10.259μg/g)远高于白一化(1.167μg/g);白一化体壁中的叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素和玉米黄质含量远小于豫大1号.综上认为,体壁中类胡萝卜素的缺乏是导致白一化形成白体色的原因之一.     

祁连山国家公园生态保护意识调查——以祁连县县城为例

旨在调查当地人对祁连山国家公园生态保护意识的强弱,以地处祁连山国家公园腹地的祁连县县城为例,随机选取祁连县县城流动人口及固定商户,使用问卷调查法进行研究。结果表明：18岁以下调查对象生态保护意识较低,其再受教育水平空间较大,生态保护意识提升空间较大;46~60岁年龄阶段学历层次及政策性知识了解程度较高,对生态保护意识较强;60岁以上调查对象生态保护意识较差,其对生态保护知识及相关政策性知识了解较旧。生态保护意识的强弱伴随年龄及受教育程度的提高而变强,受教育程度是影响生态保护意识最显著的因素,可针对性提出政策以提高生态文明水平及保护意识,积极推动国家公园生态发展。